Ngokusho kweReuters, uNdunankulu waseMalaysia u-Anwar Ibrahim uthe ngoMsombuluko (Septhemba 11) iMalaysia izothuthukisa inqubomgomo yokuvimbela ukuthunyelwa kwempahla engavamile yomhlaba ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulahlekelwa kwezinsiza ezinjalo zamasu ngenxa yezimayini ezingenamingcele kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
U-Anwar wengeze ngokuthi uhulumeni uzokweseka ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yomhlaba engavamile yaseMalaysia, futhi ukuvinjelwa "kuzoqinisekisa imbuyiselo ephezulu yezwe," kodwa akazange adalule ukuthi ukuvinjelwa okuhlongozwayo kuzoqala nini ukusebenza. Sihlanganisa idatha mayelana nezinqolobane zomhlaba ezingavamile zase-Malaysia, ukukhiqizwa, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, kanye nokwabelana komhlaba wonke ukuze sibone umthelela wako ezimakethe zomhlaba.
Iziqiwu: Ngo-2022, iziqiwi zomhlaba ezingavamile cishe ziyizigidi eziyi-130 zamathani, kanti izindawo zokulondoloza umhlaba ezingavamile zaseMalaysia zilinganiselwa kumathani angu-30000.
Ngokusho kwe-United States Geological Survey,Idatha ye-USGSezikhishwe, ngokwemibandela yokulondolozwa komhlaba wonke, ingqikithi yezinqolobane zomhlaba eziyivelakancane emhlabeni wonke ngo-2022 yayicishe ibe yizigidi eziyi-130 amathani, izinqolobane zaseChina zazingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-44 (35.01%), izinqolobane zaseVietnam zazingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-22 (17.50%), izinqolobane zaseBrazil zaziyizigidi ezingama-21. amathani (16.71%), izindawo ezigciniwe zaseRussia zazingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-21 (16.71%), kanti la mazwe amane abalelwa ku-85.93% weziqiwi zomhlaba wonke, kanti amanye alinganiselwa ku-14.07%. Kusukela kuthebula elibekiwe kulesi sibalo esingenhla, ubukhona beMalaysia abubonakali, kuyilapho idatha elinganisiwe evela ku-USGS ngo-2019 ibonisa ukuthi izindawo ezigcina umhlaba ezingavamile zaseMalaysia zilinganiselwa kumathani angama-30000, ingxenye encane kuphela yezindawo ezigciniwe zomhlaba wonke, ezibalelwa cishe ku-0.02%.
Ukukhiqizwa: I-Malaysia yabalelwa cishe ku-0.16% wokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke ngo-2018
Ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe yi-USGS, mayelana nokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke, ukukhiqizwa kwezimbiwa zomhlaba ezingavamile emhlabeni wonke ngo-2022 kwakungamathani angu-300000, lapho ukukhiqizwa kweShayina kwakungamathani angu-210000, okwenza u-70% wengqikithi yokukhiqiza emhlabeni jikelele. Phakathi kwamanye amazwe, ngo-2022, i-United States yakhiqiza amathani angu-43000 omhlaba ongavamile (14.3%), i-Australia yakhiqiza amathani angu-18000 (6%), kanti iMyanmar yakhiqiza amathani angu-12000 (4%). Abukho ubufakazi bokuba khona kweMalaysia eshadini lokukhiqiza, okubonisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwayo nakho kuyindlala. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa komhlaba okungavamile kwe-Malaysia kuncane futhi idatha yokukhiqiza yayo ayitholakali kalula, ngokusho kombiko we-2018 Mining Commodity Summary Report okhishwe yi-USGS, ukukhiqizwa komhlaba okungavamile wase-Malaysia (REO) kungamathani angu-300. Ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe kuSeminar ye-China ASEAN Rare Earth Industry Development Seminar, ukukhiqizwa komhlaba okungavamile emhlabeni wonke ngo-2018 bekucishe kube amathani ayi-190000, okuwukukhuphuka okungamathani angama-56000 ukusuka kumathani ayi-134000 ngo-2017. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Malaysia kwamathani angama-300 ngo-2018 uma kuqhathaniswa no-1900000 , okulinganiselwa ku-0.16%.
Ngokwezibalo zedatha, i-Malaysia yathumela isamba esingamathani angu-22505.12 metric tons of rare earth compounds ngo-2022, kanye ne-17309.44 metric tons yezinhlanganisela zomhlaba eziyivelakancane ngo-2021. Ngokusho kwedatha yokungenisa evela ku-General Administration of Customs of China, ivolumu yokungenisa engavamile exubile. I-earth carbonate eShayina yayicishe ibe ngamathani angu-9631.46 ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa zokuqala zika-2023. Phakathi kwazo, cishe amathani angu-6015.77 e-carbonate yomhlaba exubile engavamile avela eMalaysia, okwenza u-62.46% wemikhiqizo yaseChina exubile engavamile ye-carbonate yomhlaba ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa zokuqala. Le ngxenye yenza i-Malaysia ibe yizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke e-China exubene ne-rare earth carbonate kwamanye amazwe ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa zokuqala. Ngokombono we-carbonate yomhlaba exubile engavamile, iMalaysia iwumthombo obalulekile we-carbonate yomhlaba engavamile exubile e-China. Kodwa-ke, uma kucatshangelwa inani eliphelele lamaminerali ensimbi yomhlaba ayivelakancane kanye nama-oxide omhlaba angavamile angafakwanga kwamanye amazwe angeniswe yi-China, ingxenye yaleli nani lokungenisa ayikakabi phezulu. Ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa zokuqala zalo nyaka, i-China yangenisa amathani ayi-105750.4 emikhiqizo yomhlaba eyivelakancane. Ingxenye yamathani angama-6015.77 e-carbonate yomhlaba exubile engavamile evela eMalaysia ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa zokuqala zalo nyaka ifinyelele cishe ku-5.69% wesamba somkhiqizo ongavamile waseShayina ongenisiwe ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa zokuqala.
Umthelela: Umthelela omncane ekuhlinzekweni komhlaba okungavamile, usizo lwesikhashana oluthuthukisa ukuzethemba emakethe yomhlaba engavamile
Kusukela ezinqolobaneni zomhlaba ezingavamile zase-Malaysia, ukukhiqizwa, kanye nedatha yokungenisa nokuthekelisa, kungabonakala ukuthi inqubomgomo yayo yokwenqabela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe komhlaba ongavamile ayinamthelela omncane ekuphakeleni komhlaba ongavamile kwe-China nasemhlabeni jikelele. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi u-Anwar akazange akhulume isikhathi sokuqaliswa kokuvinjelwa, emva kwakho konke, kusekhona isikhathi esivela kusiphakamiso senqubomgomo ekusetshenzisweni, okunomthelela omncane emakethe. Kodwa-ke, ingxenye yeziqiwu ezingavamile kanye nokukhiqizwa komhlaba eMalaysia ayiphezulu, kungani isadonsa ukunaka kwemakethe? Umhlaziyi we-Project Blue uDavid Merriman uthe umthelela wokuvinjelwa kweMalaysia awukacaci ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemininingwane, kodwa ukuvinjelwa komhlaba okungavamile kungase kuthinte izinkampani ezisebenza kwamanye amazwe eMalaysia. Njengoba kushiwo ngabakwaReuters, umdondoshiya wase-Australia ongavamile uLynas Rare Earth Limited unefektri eMalaysia ecubungula amaminerali angavamile ewathola e-Australia. Okwamanje akukacaci ukuthi ukuvinjelwa kokuthekelisa okuhleliwe kweMalaysia kuzomthinta yini uLynas, futhi uLynas akakaphenduli. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iMalaysia isebenzise imikhawulo kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Lynas ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngamazinga emisebe adalwa ukuqhekeka nokucwiliswa. ULynas uphonsele inselelo lezi zinsolo wathi ziyahambisana nemithetho efanele.
Ukuvalwa kwakamuva kwamasiko eMyanmar, ukulungiswa kwezindaba zokuqondisa ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nemvelo esifundeni saseLongnan, kanye nokuvinjelwa okuhlongozwayo kokuthunyelwa komhlaba okungavamile eMalaysia kubangele ukuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla. Nakuba lokhu kungakabi nomthelela ekuhlinzekweni kwangempela emakethe, ngokwezinga elithile kudale okulindelekile kokutholakala okuqinile, okuvuse imizwa yemakethe. Kuhambisana nomthelela wezimboni ezansi nomfula njengeezingavamile emhlabeni ozibuthe unomphelafuthiizinjini zikagesiphakathi nenkathi ephezulu, imakethe yomhlaba engavamile isanda kuthola ukukhuphuka okuphelele. Uma kucatshangelwa umthelela walezi zici ezingenhla, abanye ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi amanani omhlaba angavamile azogcina inkambiso eqinile ngo-September ngaphandle uma kukhona ushintsho olubalulekile ekuhlinzekeni nasekufuneni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-19-2023