Inzwa yomphumela wehholo noma i-Hall effect transducer iyinzwa edidiyelwe esekelwe kumphumela weHholo futhi yakhiwe isici seHholo kanye nesifunda sayo esiyisiza. Inzwa yehholo isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izimboni, ezokuthutha kanye nempilo yansuku zonke. Kusukela esakhiweni sangaphakathi senzwa yehholo, noma inqubo yokusetshenziswa, uzothola ukuthiuzibuthe unomphelayingxenye ebalulekile yokusebenza. Kungani kudingeka ozibuthe baphakade ezinzwa zeHholo?
Okokuqala, qala kusukela kumgomo wokusebenza we-Hall sensor, i-Hall Effect. I-Hall Effect iwuhlobo lomphumela we-electromagnetic, owatholwa isazi sefiziksi saseMelika u-Edwin Herbert Hall (1855-1938) ngo-1879 lapho sifunda indlela yokuqhuba yezinsimbi. Lapho i-current idlula ku-conductor perpendicular ukuya endaweni yamagnetic yangaphandle, isithwali siyaphambuka, futhi inkambu kagesi eyengeziwe izokhiqizwa i-perpendicular kusiqondiso senkambu yamanje nekazibuthe, okuholela kumehluko ongaba khona kuzo zombili iziphetho zomqhubi. Lesi simo siwumphumela weHholo, obuye ubizwe ngokuthi umehluko ongaba khona weHholo.
Umphumela wehholo empeleni uwukuchezuka kwezinhlayiya ezihambayo ezishajwayo okubangelwa amandla kaLorentz endaweni kazibuthe. Lapho izinhlayiya ezishajwa (ama-electron noma izimbobo) zivalelwe ezintweni eziqinile, lokhu kuphambuka kuholela ekuqongeleleni amashaji aqondile namabi aqonde endaweni yamanje nekazibuthe, ngaleyo ndlela yakhe inkambu kagesi ephambanayo eyengeziwe.
Siyazi ukuthi lapho ama-electron ehamba endaweni kazibuthe, azothinteka ngamandla kaLorentz. Njengoba ngenhla, ake siqale sibheke isithombe esingakwesokunxele. Lapho i-electron ihambela phezulu, i-current ekhiqizwa yiyo ihambela phansi. Hhayi-ke, masisebenzise umthetho ongakwesokunxele, ake umugqa wokuzwa kazibuthe wenkundla kazibuthe B (odutshulwe esikrinini) ungene entendeni yesandla, okungukuthi, intende yesandla ingaphandle, bese ukhomba iminwe emine isiqondiso samanje, okungukuthi, amaphuzu amane phansi. Khona-ke, isiqondiso sesithupha yisiqondiso samandla e-electron. Ama-electron aphoqeleka kwesokudla, ngakho-ke ukushaja okusepuletini elincanyana kuzotshekela ohlangothini olulodwa ngaphansi kwesenzo senkambu kazibuthe yangaphandle. Uma i-electron itshekela kwesokudla, umehluko ongaba khona uzokwakhiwa ohlangothini lwesobunxele nakwesokudla. Njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni ongakwesokudla, uma i-voltmeter ixhunywe emaceleni angakwesokunxele nangakwesokudla, i-voltage izotholwa. Lesi yisimiso esiyisisekelo sokungeniswa kwehholo. I-voltage etholiwe ibizwa ngokuthi i-hall induced voltage. Uma insimu yamagnetic yangaphandle isusiwe, i-voltage yaseHholo iyanyamalala. Uma umelelwe isithombe, umphumela weHholo ufana nalesi sithombe esilandelayo:
i: isiqondiso samanje, B: isiqondiso senkundla kazibuthe yangaphandle, V: I-voltage yasehholo, namachashazi amancane asebhokisini angathathwa njengama-electron.
Kusukela kumgomo wokusebenza we-Hall sensor, kungatholakala ukuthi inzwa ye-Hall effect iyinzwa esebenzayo, okumele idinge amandla angaphandle kanye nenkundla kazibuthe ukuze isebenze. Uma kucatshangelwa izidingo zevolumu encane, isisindo esilula, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kanye nokusetshenziswa okulula ekusetshenzisweni kwenzwa, umazibuthe olula unomphela kunozibuthe oyinkimbinkimbi usetshenziswa ukuhlinzeka insimu yamagnetic yangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinhlotsheni ezine eziyinhloko zikamazibuthe,I-SmCofuthiNdFeB umhlaba ongavamileozibuthe banezinzuzo ezifana nezakhiwo eziphakeme kazibuthe nokuzinza kokusebenza, okungavumela ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-Hall effect transducer noma inzwa ukuthi ifinyelele ukunemba, ukuzwela, nezilinganiso ezinokwethenjelwa. Ngakho-ke i-NdFeB ne-SmCo basebenzisa okuningi njengeOzibuthe be-transducer behholo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-10-2021